Confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are the main sources of air pollutants such as
ammonia (NH 3) and greenhouse gases. Among air pollutants, NH 3 is one of the most …

The EU ban on conventional barren cages for laying hens from 2012 has improved many
aspects of laying hen welfare. The new housing systems allow for the expression of highly …

The use of antimicrobial agents as feed additives in poultry production is a public health
concern due to the overall increase in antimicrobial resistance. Although some alternative …

Farm and animal wastes are increasingly being investigated for thermochemical conversion,
such as gasification, due to the urgent necessity of finding new waste treatment options. We …

Bedding material or litter is an important requirement of meat chicken production which can
influence bird welfare, health, and food safety. A substantial increase in demand and cost of …

Maintaining dry litter that chickens can “work” is a key objective for successful meat chicken
production as it reduces the likelihood of health and welfare issues by breaking down and …

Less evidence is available currently to reveal whether the immune system and productivity
of laying hens change under long periods of ammonia exposure in hot climate. The present …

Litter quality has been related to broiler performance, behaviour, welfare, dust and ammonia
(NH3) emissions. Drier litter leads to a reduction in NH3 emissions and reduces the …

The welfare of laying hens in conventional caged houses has become an increased public
concern, leading primary food chains, restaurants, and grocers in the United States to …

Several studies have shown that litter moisture is a major reason for foot pad lesions (FPD)
and promotes microbial growth of nitrifying bacteria. The aim of the current study was to …