An accurate understanding of the arrangement of cervical fascia and its associated
compartments is essential for differential diagnosis, predicting the spread of disease, and …

Methods: Two fresh-frozen and five formalin-fixed cadaveric heads were used. Cervical
arteries and internal jugular veins were injected with red and blue latex, respectively. The …

Objectives: Endoscopic endonasal approaches to the pterygopalatine and infratemporal
fossae are technically challenging due to the complex anatomy of these areas. This project …

Background Several surgical approaches to the parapharyngeal space (PPS) have been
proposed. An objective description of advantages and limitations of the surgical routes is …

The objective of this study is to clearly and precisely describe the topography and contents
of the infratemporal fossa. Ten formalin‐fixed, adult cadaveric specimens were studied …

Objective: The infratemporal fossa (ITF) is a continuation of the temporal fossa between the
internal surface of the zygoma and the external surface of the temporal bone and greater …

Background Schwannomas encompassing the superior parapharyngeal space are
challenging lesions because of the anatomical complexity of this region and the frequent …

OBJECTIVE: Compared with other lower cranial nerves, the glossopharyngeal nerve
(GPhN) is well hidden within the jugular foramen, at the infratemporal fossa, and in the deep …

Background The parapharyngeal space (PPS) can harbor a variety of tumors that can be
approached through a wide spectrum of surgical routes. A decisional algorithm on the …

Background The infratemporal fossa anatomy, from an endoscopic standpoint, is poorly
understood. Our purpose was to design an anatomic model that illustrates the anatomy of …