The neurotransmitters GABA and glycine mediate fast synaptic inhibition by activating ligand-
gated chloride channels—namely, type A GABA (GABAA) and glycine receptors. Both types …

Our understanding of the molecular properties of kainate receptors and their involvement in
synaptic physiology has progressed significantly over the last 30 years. A plethora of studies …

The CA3 region of the hippocampus is important for rapid encoding of memory.
Computational theories have proposed specific roles in hippocampal function and memory …

Protein SUMOylation is a critically important posttranslational protein modification that
participates in nearly all aspects of cellular physiology. In the nearly 20 years since its …

Synaptic plasticity has classically been characterized to involve the NMDA and AMPA
subtypes of glutamate receptors, with NMDA receptors providing the key trigger for the …

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most frequent inherited cause of intellectual disability and
the best-studied monogenic cause of autism. FXS results from the functional absence of the …

In human mutant BRAF melanoma cells, the stemness transcription factor FOXD3 is rapidly
induced by inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling and mediates adaptive resistance to RAF …

Kainate receptors (KAR s) consist of a family of ionotropic glutamate receptors composed of
the combinations of five subunits, GluK1–GluK5. Although KAR s display close structural …

Epilepsy is caused when rhythmic neuronal network activity escapes normal control
mechanisms, resulting in seizures. There is an extensive and growing body of evidence that …

Following axotomy, a complex temporal and spatial coordination of molecular events
enables regeneration of the peripheral nerve. In contrast, multiple intrinsic and extrinsic …