Hydrochar derived from municipal sludge through hydrothermal processing: A critical review on its formation, characterization, and valorization

H Liu, IA Basar, A Nzihou, C Eskicioglu - Water research, 2021 - Elsevier
Additional options for the sustainable treatment of municipal sludge are required due to the
significant amounts of sludge, high levels of nutrients (eg, C, N, and P), and trace …

[HTML][HTML] Hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge for biofuel application: A review on fundamentals, current challenges and strategies

Y Fan, U Hornung, N Dahmen - Biomass and Bioenergy, 2022 - Elsevier
Scientific studies have demonstrated that hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) can be suggested
as a cost-effective and eco-friendly solution for the valorization of sewage sludge in the …

Recent advances in hydrothermal liquefaction of manure wastes into value-added products

Q Liu, G Kong, G Zhang, T Cao, K Wang… - Energy Conversion and …, 2023 - Elsevier
The rapid human development is requiring extensive energy and meat demands, leading to
an increasingly serious energy and environment crisis caused by the large consumption of …

Hydrothermal liquefaction of municipal sludge and its products applications

Y Wei, D Xu, M Xu, P Zheng, L Fan, L Leng… - Science of The Total …, 2024 - Elsevier
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an effective medium-temperature, high-pressure
thermochemical process to dispose municipal sludge (MS), and biocrude (a crude bio-oil) is …

Hydrothermal liquefaction of municipal sewage sludge: Effect of red mud catalyst in ethylene and inert ambiences

T Rahman, H Jahromi, P Roy, S Adhikari… - Energy Conversion and …, 2021 - Elsevier
In this study, ethylene and nitrogen (inert) reaction environments were applied into the
hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process of municipal sewage sludge with red mud catalyst …

Incorporating hydrothermal liquefaction into wastewater treatment–Part I: Process optimization for energy recovery and evaluation of product distribution

H Liu, IA Basar, N Lyczko, A Nzihou… - Chemical Engineering …, 2022 - Elsevier
The treatment of significant amounts of municipal sewage sludge requires novel and
efficient technologies. This study evaluated hydrothermal liquefaction as a means to …

Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass as one of the most promising alternatives for the synthesis of advanced liquid biofuels: a review

L Grande, I Pedroarena, SA Korili, A Gil - Materials, 2021 - mdpi.com
The use of biofuels offers advantages over existing fuels because they come from
renewable sources, they are biodegradable, their storage and transport are safer, and their …

The role of catalysts in biomass hydrothermal liquefaction and biocrude upgrading

AA Shah, K Sharma, MS Haider, SS Toor… - Processes, 2022 - mdpi.com
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass is establishing itself as one of the leading
technologies for the conversion of virtually any type of biomass feedstock into drop-in …

[HTML][HTML] Biomass energy and biofuels: perspective, potentials, and challenges in the energy transition

D Mignogna, M Szabó, P Ceci, P Avino - Sustainability, 2024 - mdpi.com
Circular economy and sustainability are pivotal concepts in the discourse on the synergies
between economic growth and environmental impact. As resource scarcity and …

Evolution of kraft lignin during hydrothermal treatment under different reaction conditions

S Yu, M Xie, Q Li, Y Zhang, H Zhou - Journal of the Energy Institute, 2022 - Elsevier
Lignin, as the second-largest component of biomass, is an important renewable and carbon-
neutral resource with a stable aromatic structure. Modified lignin can be functionalized as …