This clinical guideline provides recommendations for the behavioural and psychosocial
interventions (BPI) of children and adolescents with tic disorders prepared by a working …

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder involving multiple motor and phonic
tics. Tics, which usually begin between the ages of 6 and 8, are sudden, rapid, stereotyped …

The locus coeruleus (LC) has established functions in both attention and respiration. Good
attentional performance requires optimal levels of tonic LC activity, and must be matched to …

Tics can be associated with neurological disorders and are thought to be the result of
dysfunctional basal ganglia pathways. In Tourette Syndrome (TS), excess dopamine in the …

Despite the significance of efforts to understand the biological basis of autism, progress in
this area has been hindered, in part, by the considerable heterogeneity in the disorder …

Tics are the defining symptom of Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders (TDs); however,
they form only a part of their overall symptoms. The recent surge of studies addressing the …

Objective Clinical practice currently restricts the use of psychostimulant medications in
children with tics or a family history of tics for fear that tics will develop or worsen as a side …

Motor actions can be facilitated or hindered by psychophysiological states of readiness, to
guide rapid adaptive action. Cardiovascular arousal is communicated by cardiac signals …

Abstract Purpose of Review This study aims to examine the treatments currently available for
Tourette syndrome (TS) and to discuss evolving therapies, spanning behavioral …

Tourette syndrome is a hyperkinetic movement disorder. Characteristic features include tics,
recurrent movements that are experienced as compulsive and “unwilled”; uncomfortable …