Soil viruses are highly abundant and have important roles in the regulation of host dynamics
and soil ecology. Climate change is resulting in unprecedented changes to soil ecosystems …

Highlights•Phage-mediated transduction drives bacterial evolution.•pac-phages can
package any bacterial DNA.•Both pac and cos phages can transfer mobile genetic …

There are an estimated 10 31 viruses on Earth, most of which are phages that infect
bacteria. Metagenomic analyses have shown that environmental viral communities are …

Viruses are the most abundant and the most diverse life form. In this meta-analysis we
estimate that there are 4.80× 1031 phages on Earth. Further, 97% of viruses are in soil and …

Background Recent advances in genomics of viruses and cellular life forms have greatly
stimulated interest in the origins and evolution of viruses and, for the first time, offer an …

Microbial activities shape the biogeochemistry of the planet, and macroorganism health.
Determining the metabolic processes performed by microbes is important both for …

Abstract Marine viruses affect Bacteria, Archaea and eukaryotic organisms and are major
components of the marine food web. Most studies have focused on their role as predators …

Viruses are the most common biological entities in the marine environment. There has not
been a global survey of these viruses, and consequently, it is not known what types of …

Sea-surface warming, sea-ice melting and related freshening, changes in circulation and
mixing regimes, and ocean acidification induced by the present climate changes are …

Phage and their bacterial hosts are the most abundant and genetically diverse group of
organisms on the planet. Given their dominance, it is no wonder that many recent studies …