Autophagy is a quality-control, metabolic, and innate immunity process. Normative
autophagy affects many cell types, including hematopoietic as well as non-hematopoietic …

Macroautophagy/autophagy is a homeostatic process with multiple effects on immunity. One
of the pivotal contributions of autophagy in immunity is the cell autonomous control of …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

More than 80 different adenovirus (AdV) types infect humans through the respiratory, ocular,
or gastrointestinal tracts. They cause acute clinical mani-festations or persist under humoral …

Lysosomal membrane permeabilization or lysosomal rupture is recognized as a common
and severe stress condition relevant for infection, cellular degeneration and cancer …

Abstract Background Galectins are β-Galactose binding lectins expressed in numerous cells
and play multiple roles in various physiological and cellular functions. However, few …

Autophagy and interferon (IFN)-mediated innate immunity are critical antiviral defence
mechanisms, and recent evidence indicated that tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are important …

In order to replicate, most pathogens need to enter their target cells. Many viruses enter the
host cell through an endocytic pathway and hijack endosomes for their journey towards sites …

Autophagy has been linked to a wide range of functions, including a degradative process
that defends host cells against pathogens. Although the involvement of autophagy in HBV …

The galectin family consists of carbohydrate (glycan) binding proteins that are expressed by
a wide variety of cells and bind to galactose-containing glycans. Galectins can be located in …