The primary driver of the evolution of the vertebrate nervous system has been the necessity
to move, along with the requirement of controlling the plethora of motor behavioural …

For centuries, the eye has fascinated scientists and philosophers alike, and as a result the
visual system has always been at the forefront of integrating cutting-edge technology in …

Gaze stabilization compensates for movements of the head or external environment to
minimize image blurring. Multisensory information stabilizes the scene on the retina via the …

Amniotes, such as mammals and reptiles, have vision and other senses represented in the
pallium, whereas anamniotes, such as amphibians, fish and cyclostomes (including …

Otx family homeoproteins Otx2 and Crx are expressed in photoreceptor precursor cells and
bind to the common DNA-binding consensus sequence, but these two proteins have distinct …

As animals forage for food and water or evade predators, they must rapidly decide what
visual features in the environment deserve attention. In vertebrates, this visuomotor …

Despite their highly conserved body plan and larval stage, adult life history type in lampreys
diverges on two main axes related to migration and feeding. Of the 41–45 recognized …

The lamprey, a primitive jawless vertebrate whose ancestors diverged from all other
vertebrates over 500 million years ago, offers a unique window into the ancient formation of …

Modern lampreys (Petromyzontiformes) are one of two lineages of surviving jawless fishes
(agnathans), and are thus of critical importance to understanding the evolution of the …

Understanding gonadal development in lampreys is complicated by their complex life cycle,
the long period during which their gonads remain histologically undifferentiated, and their …