Rocky planets are common around other stars, but their atmospheric properties remain
largely unconstrained. Thanks to a wealth of recent planet discoveries and upcoming …

Exoplanet hunting efforts have revealed the prevalence of exotic worlds with diverse
properties, including Earth-sized bodies, which has fueled our endeavor to search for life …

Earth has had oceans for nearly four billion years and Mars had lakes and rivers 3.5–3.8
billion years ago. However, it is still unknown whether water has ever condensed on the …

In the past decade, observations from space and the ground have found water to be the
most abundant molecular species, after hydrogen, in the atmospheres of hot, gaseous …

Identifying terrestrial planets in the habitable zones (HZs) of other stars is one of the primary
goals of ongoing radial velocity (RV) and transit exoplanet surveys and proposed future …

Nine transiting Earth-sized planets have recently been discovered around nearby late-M
dwarfs, including the TRAPPIST-1 planets and two planets discovered by the MEarth survey …

Ground-and space-based planet searches employing radial velocity techniques and transit
photometry have detected thousands of planet-hosting stars in the Milky Way. With so many …

Radial velocity monitoring has found the signature of a Msini= 1.3M⊕ planet located within
the habitable zone (HZ) of Proxima Centauri. Despite a hotter past and an active host star …

Water vapour atmospheres with content equivalent to the Earth's oceans, resulting from
impacts or a high insolation,, were found to yield a surface magma ocean,. This was …

The increase in solar luminosity over geological timescales should warm the Earth's climate,
increasing water evaporation, which will in turn enhance the atmospheric greenhouse effect …