Connectivity is classically considered an emergent property of landscapes encapsulating
individuals' flows across space. However, its operational use requires a precise …

Temperament describes the idea that individual behavioural differences are repeatable over
time and across situations. This common phenomenon covers numerous traits, such as …

Recent studies of animal personality have focused on its proximate causation and its
ecological and evolutionary significance, but have mostly ignored questions about its …

Of the many conceptual distinctions present in psychology today, the approach-avoidance
distinction stands out as one of, if not the, most fundamental and basic. The distinction …

With their large brains, elaborate sense organs and complex behaviour, cephalopods are
among the world's most highly evolved invertebrates. This second edition summarises the …

In recent years evidence has been accumulating that personalities are not only found in
humans but also in a wide range of other animal species,,,,,,. Individuals differ consistently in …

This introduction to the themed issue on Evolutionary and ecological approaches to the
study of personality provides an overview of conceptual, theoretical and methodological …

In this paper we show how animal personality could explain some of the large inter‐
individual variation in resting metabolic rate (MR) and explore methodological and …

Consistent individual behavioural tendencies, termed “personalities”, have been identified in
a wide range of animals. Functional explanations for personality have been proposed, but …

Consistent individual differences in boldness, reactivity, aggressiveness, and other
'personality traits' in animals are stable within individuals but vary across individuals, for …