Pain is a common word used to refer to a wide range of physical and mental states sharing
hedonic aversive value. Three types of pain are distinguished in this article: Physical pain …

Abstract The Roman High-(RHA) and Low-(RLA) avoidance rat lines/strains were generated
through bidirectional selective breeding for rapid (RHA) vs. extremely poor (RLA) two-way …

The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is thought to regulate behavioral
responses under emotionally arousing conditions. Reward-associated cues activate PVT …

Health measures instantiated to reduce the spread of COVID-19 have imposed significant
constraints for the population and impacted on drinking habits and mental health. This study …

Psychoactive drugs with addiction potential are widely used by people of virtually all cultures
in a non-addictive way. In order to understand this behaviour, its population penetrance, and …

Mammals respond to an unexpected reward omission or reduction with a variety of
behavioral and physiological responses consistent with an aversive emotion traditionally …

The bidirectional selective breeding of Roman high-(RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) rats for
respectively rapid vs. poor acquisition of active avoidant behavior has generated two …

Roman High-(RHA) and Low-Avoidance (RLA) outbred rats, which differ for a respectively
rapid vs. poor acquisition of the active avoidance response in the shuttle-box, display …

The dorsomedial striatum (DMS) has been implicated in the acquisition of reward
representations, a proposal leading to the hypothesis that it should play a role in situations …

Paradigms used to study the response to and consequences of exposure to reward loss
have been underutilized in approaches to the psychobiology of substance use disorders …