The hippocampal formation can encode relative spatial location, without reference to
external cues, by the integration of linear and angular self-motion (path integration) …

Neurons in most animals live a very long time relative to the half-lives of all of the proteins
that govern excitability and synaptic transmission. Consequently, homeostatic mechanisms …

Microglia are the resident CNS immune cells and active surveyors of the extracellular
environment. While past work has focused on the role of these cells during disease, recent …

The functions of the resting state networks (RSNs) revealed by functional MRI remain
unclear, but it has seemed possible that networks emerge in parallel with the development …

Before the onset of sensory transduction, developing neural circuits spontaneously generate
correlated activity in distinct spatial and temporal patterns. During this period of patterned …

Auditory system in animals can capture external sound signals, which can be converted into
biophysical electric signals, and then the auditory neurons are activated to generate kinds of …

▪ Abstract Many neurons in the mammalian central nervous system communicate through
electrical synapses, defined here as gap junction–mediated connections. Electrical …

Pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into 3D retinal organoids, with major cell types
self-patterning into a polarized, laminated architecture. In static cultures, organoid …

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) regulate critical aspects of brain maturation
during the prenatal, early postnatal, and adolescent periods. During these developmental …

Patterns of synaptic connections in the visual system are remarkably precise. These
connections dictate the receptive field properties of individual visual neurons and ultimately …