There are 425 million people with diabetes mellitus in the world. By 2045, this figure will
grow to over 600 million. Diabetes mellitus is classified among noncommunicable diseases …

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with multiple comorbidities, including diabetic
retinopathy (DR) and cognitive decline, and T2D patients have a significantly higher risk of …

Introduction Rigorous research in the last few years has shown that in addition to the
classical mechanism of neurodegeneration, certain unconventional mechanisms may also …

Insulin receptor (Insr) protein is present at higher levels in pancreatic β-cells than in most
other tissues, but the consequences of β-cell insulin resistance remain enigmatic. Here, we …

Iron, as the most abundant metallic element within the human organism, is an indispensable
ion for sustaining life and assumes a pivotal role in governing glucose and lipid metabolism …

Protein misfolding diseases refer to a variety of disorders that develop as a consequence of
the misfolding of proteins in various organs. The etiologies of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's …

Trace metal elements are of vital importance for fundamental biological processes. They
function in various metabolic pathways after the long evolution of living organisms. Glucose …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a predominantly idiopathic pathological condition characterized
by protein aggregation phenomena, whose main component is alpha-synuclein. Although …

The GLP-1 receptor, one of the most successful drug targets for the treatment of type 2
diabetes and obesity, is known to engage multiple intracellular signaling proteins. However …

Loss of pancreatic β-cell mass is deleterious for type 2 diabetes patients since it reduces
insulin production, critical for glucose homeostasis. The main research axis developed over …