Academic Medicine, Vol. 95, No. 5/May 2020 662 reward, and exclusion to punish, their
members as a way of enforcing their values.” It is no wonder, then, that feeling out of place …

Investigators from minoritized backgrounds are underrepresented in psychiatric research.
That underrepresentation contributes to disparities in outcomes of access to mental health …

Evidence now demonstrates significant variation in education-debt levels by race and
household income, with Black and lower-income students accumulating higher levels of …

Importance Attrition in general surgery residency remains high, and attrition that occurs in
the later years is the most worrisome. Although several studies have retrospectively …

Context.—Like many medical specialties, pathology faces the ongoing challenge of
effectively enriching diversity, equity, and inclusion within training programs and the field as …

The US physician workforce does not reflect the racial and ethnic makeup of the country's
population, despite efforts to promote diversity. Becoming a physician requires significant …

As the nation seeks to recruit and retain physician-scientists, gaps remain in understanding
and addressing mitigatable challenges to the success of faculty from underrepresented …

One of the greatest challenges facing the United States are health inequities among
racial/ethnic and other marginalized populations. The deep-rooted structural racism …

graduates of Black medical schools have confronted head-on the inequities of American
responses to COVID-19 that the pandemic has laid bare to the world. Black physicians' …

Objectives To examine the associations among pediatric trainees' self-reported
race/ethnicity, educational debt, and other factors for pursuing a pediatrics career. Study …