Hypoxia is one of the most common and severe challenges to the maintenance of
homeostasis. Oxygen sensing is a property of all tissues, and the response to hypoxia is …

The heart is able to metabolize any substrate, depending on its availability, to satisfy its
energy requirements. Under normal physiological conditions, about 95% of ATP is produced …

Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are α/β heterodimeric transcription factors that direct
multiple cellular and systemic responses in response to changes in oxygen availability. The …

Key points Sustained hypoxic exposure increases ventilatory sensitivity to hypoxia as part of
physiological acclimatisation. Oxygen‐sensitive signals are transduced in animal cells by …

The heart forms early in development and delivers oxygenated blood to the rest of the
embryo. After birth, the heart requires kilograms of ATP each day to support contractility for …

A critical transition occurs near mid-gestation of mammalian pregnancy. Prior to this
transition, low concentrations of oxygen (hypoxia) signaling through Hypoxia Inducible …

Congenital heart disease (CHD) represents the most prevalent inborn anomaly. Only a
minority of CHD cases are attributed to genetic causes, suggesting a major role of …

Low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) is part of normal embryonic development, yet the
situation is complex. Oxygen (O2) is a janus gas with low levels signaling through hypoxia …

HIF1-alpha expression defines metabolic compartments in the developing heart, promoting
glycolytic program in the compact myocardium and mitochondrial enrichment in the …

During embryonic development, environmental perturbations can affect organisms'
developing phenotype, a process known as developmental plasticity. Resulting phenotypic …