The treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) has changed over the last 20 years. All
immunotherapeutic drugs target relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) and it still remains a …

An increase of multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence has been reported during the last decade,
and this may be connected to environmental factors. This review article aims to encapsulate …

Autoimmune disorders are characterized by aberrant T cell and B cell reactivity to the body's
own components, resulting in tissue destruction and organ dysfunction. Autoimmune …

Compact myelin comprises most of the dry weight of myelin, and its insulative nature is the
basis for saltatory conduction of nerve impulses. The major dense line (MDL) is a 3-nm …

The balance among different CD4+ T cell subsets is crucial for repairing the injured spinal
cord. Dendritic cell (DC)‐derived small extracellular vesicles (DsEVs) effectively activate T …

Background Methamphetamine (METH) addiction is a major public health concern globally
with limited management options. The development of a METH vaccine through hapten …

Antigen-specific therapy for multiple sclerosis may lead to a more effective therapy by
induction of tolerance to a wide range of myelin-derived antigens without hampering the …

Background: It is well known that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of free light
chains (FLC) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) are elevated in multiple sclerosis patients (MS) …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and is
considered to be the leading non-traumatic cause of neurological disability in young adults …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) belongs to demyelinating diseases, which are progressive and
highly debilitating pathologies that imply a high burden both on individual patients and on …