Anticancer drugs are often nonselective antiproliferative agents (cytotoxins) that
preferentially kill dividing cells by attacking their DNA at some level. The lack of selectivity …

This review is a survey of various approaches to targeting cytotoxic anticancer drugs to
tumors primarily through biomolecules expressed by cancer cells or associated vasculature …

The oncogene BRAF V600E is the most frequent genetic event in papillary thyroid
carcinoma (PTC) but its prognostic impact still remains to be elucidated. We evaluated a …

B-RAF is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that is mutated in approximately 70% of
human melanomas. However, the role of this signalling molecule in cancer is unclear. Here …

Melanocytes require the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathways
to maintain the fine balance between proliferation and differentiation. We have investigated …

Gene therapy of cancer is a novel approach with the potential to selectively eradicate tumour
cells, whilst sparing normal tissue from damage. In particular, gene‐directed enzyme …

GDEPT, a form of suicide gene therapy, aims to maximize the effect of a toxic drug and
minimize its systemic effects by generating the drug in situ within the tumor. In the first step in …

The principle of using suicide genes for gene directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) of
cancer has gained increasing significance during the 20 years since its inception. The astute …

Herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) with an inactivated viral ribonucleotide reductase
(Hsrr, ICP6) were designed to target tumor cells with upregulated mammalian ribonucleotide …

Cells expressing ricin B chain within the secretory pathway are significantly more resistant to
intoxication by ricin holotoxin but not to other cytotoxins that exploit similar endocytic routes …