Pathogenic viruses cause many human, animal, and plant diseases that are associated with
substantial morbidity, mortality and socio-economic impact. Although effective strategies for …

The development of effective and safe COVID‐19 vaccines is a major move forward in our
global effort to control the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. The aims of this study were (1) to …

Influenza virus infection triggers host innate immune response by stimulating various pattern
recognition receptors (PRRs). Activation of these PRRs leads to the activation of a plethora …

Early interactions of influenza A virus (IAV) with respiratory epithelium might determine the
outcome of infection. The study of global cellular innate immune responses often masks …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex
Franch. & Sav.(Umbelliferae family) is an herbaceous, perennial plant native to northern and …

Emerging diseases are a major challenge to public health. Revealing the evolutionary
processes that allow novel pathogens to adapt to new hosts, also the potential barriers to …

With the COVID-19 pandemic globally, the ongoing threat of new challenges of mucosal
infections was once again reminded human beings. Hence, access to the next-generation …

Purpose. Autophagy plays a key role in host defence responses against microbial infections
by promoting degradation of pathogens and participating in acquired immunity. The …

In 2015, the influenza virus A/H1N1/pdm09 strain outbreak became prevalent throughout the
different provinces of Iran. There are relatively limited complete genetic sequences available …

The respiratory epithelium constitutes the first line of defense against invading respiratory
pathogens, such as the 2009 pandemic strain of influenza A virus (IAV, H1N1pdm09), and …