In recent years, there has been increasing interest in using biomimetic materials for bone
tissue engineering. However, the high immunogenicity and low mechanical properties of …

Natural biomaterials originating during the growth cycles of all living organisms have been
used for many applications. They span from bioinert to bioactive materials including …

Bone graft substitutes and bone void fillers are predominantly used to treat bone defects and
bone fusion in orthopaedic surgery. Some aragonite-based scaffolds of coralline …

Bone grafts have traditionally come from four sources: the patients' own tissue (autograft),
tissue from a living or cadaveric human donor (allograft), animal donors (xenograft) and …

Bioactive ceramics based on calcium orthophosphates (Ca-P) have considerably developed
in the last decades; their applications have progressively spread, worldwide, and they have …

The initial mineralization centers during human bone formation onto osteoblasts are
composed of CaCO3. Those bioseeds are enzymatically formed via carbonic anhydrase (s) …

Over the past several decades, the implementation of bioceramics in orthopedic
bioengineering has become increasingly profound. The resemblance of the material to bone …

Reprocessing waste things into a functional product gives two-edged benefits, an eco-
friendly environment and waste management. Nowadays, Ceramic materials based on …

Coral skeletons can regenerate replacement human bone in nonload-bearing excavated
skeletal locations. A combination of multiscale, interconnected pores and channels and …

Modern day tissue engineering and cellular therapies have gravitated toward using stem
cells with scaffolds as a dynamic modality to aid in differentiation and tissue regeneration …