Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Metastasis is the
leading cause of high mortality in most cancers. Although predicting the early stage of breast …

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Metastasis is the primary
cause of mortality for breast cancer patients. Multiple mechanisms underlie breast cancer …

To defense harmful stimuli or maintain the immune homeostasis, the body produces and
recruits a superfamily of cytokines such as interleukins, interferons, chemokines etc. Among …

Tumor cells can “hijack” chemokine networks to support tumor progression. In this context,
the CC chemokine ligand 5/CC chemokine receptor type 5 (CCL5/CCR5) axis is gaining …

Adipocytes are one of the primary stromal cells in many tissues, and they are considered to
play an active role in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are generated during tumor progression and
suppress the anti-tumor functions of T and natural killer (NK) cells. Their enrichment is …

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in females. Over the past decades,
intensive efforts have been made to uncover the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Interleukin …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a tumor subpopulation responsible for tumor metastasis
and resistance to chemo-and radiotherapy, ultimately leading to tumor relapse. As a …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays key roles in promoting disease progression in the
aggressive triple-negative subtype of breast cancer (TNBC; Basal/Basal-like). Here, we took …

The anti-tumor activities of some members of the chemokine family are often overcome by
the functions of many chemokines that are strongly and causatively linked with increased …