Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes belong to a family of Ser/Thr kinases whose activity is
governed by reversible release of an autoinhibitory pseudosubstrate. For conventional and …

A survey of protein databases indicates that the majority of enzymes exist in oligomeric
forms, with about half of those found in the UniProt database being homodimeric …

RAF kinases are essential effectors of RAS, but how RAS binding initiates the
conformational changes needed for autoinhibited RAF monomers to form active dimers has …

Protein kinases have very dynamic structures and their functionality strongly depends on
their dynamic state. Active kinases reveal a dynamic pattern with residues clustering into …

The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade comprised of the Raf, MEK, and
ERK protein kinases constitutes a key effector cascade used by the Ras GTPases to relay …

Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) involves the
attachment of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of its spike proteins to the ACE2 receptors …

Signal transduction governs cellular behavior, and its dysregulation often leads to human
disease. To understand this process, we can use network models based on prior …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are of considerable interest due to their importance in
a wide range of physiological functions and in a large number of Food and Drug …

The plant immune system perceives a diversity of carbohydrate ligands from plant and
microbial cell walls through the extracellular ectodomains (ECDs) of pattern recognition …

Determining the three-dimensional structure of proteins in their native functional states has
been a longstanding challenge in structural biology. While integrative structural biology has …