Craniofacial reconstruction requires robust bone of specified geometry for the repair to be
both functional and aesthetic. While native bone from elsewhere in the body can be …

Bioreactors are important inevitable part of any tissue engineering (TE) strategy as they aid
the construction of three‐dimensional functional tissues. Since the ultimate aim of a …

The sophistication and success of recently reported microfabricated organs-on-chips and
human organ constructs have made it possible to design scaled and interconnected organ …

In vitro models of human organs must accurately reconstitute oxygen concentrations and
gradients that are observed in vivo to mimic gene expression, metabolism, and host …

Mathematical and numerical modelling of the tissue culture process in a perfusion bioreactor
is able to provide insight into the fluid flow, nutrients and wastes transport, dynamics of the …

Featured Application Optimization of Scaffold Design and Flow Perfusion Culturing
Conditions for Maximal Delivery of Oxygen to the Cells Embedded Deep Inside of …

Bioreactors play an increasing role in tissue engineering—the generation of mammalian
tissue equivalents in vitro. They can be applied for effective (stem) cell expansion, which is a …

Abstract The Tissue Engineering (TE) strategy is widely focused on the development of
perfusion bioreactors to promote the production of three-dimensional (3D) functional tissues …

Motivation It has been widely demonstrated that perfusion bioreactors improve in vitro cell
culture on three-dimensional (3D) matrices. Goal We aimed to determine the local cell …

Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field of research in which the cells, biomaterials,
and processes can be optimized to develop a tissue substitute. Three-dimensional (3D) …