Clostridia produce the highest number of toxins of any type of bacteria and are involved in
severe diseases in humans and other animals. Most of the clostridial toxins are pore-forming …

Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is the main cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea prevailing
in hospital settings. In the past decade, the morbidity and mortality of C. difficile infection …

Stem cells of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver and other columnar epithelia
collectively resist cloning in their elemental states. Here we demonstrate the cloning and …

Normal tissue damage limits the efficacy of anticancer therapy. For anthracyclines, the
clinically most relevant adverse effect is cardiotoxicity. The mechanisms involved are poorly …

Toxin A (TcdA) and Toxin B (TcdB) are the major pathogenicity factors of the Clostridium
difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD). The single-chained protein toxins enter their target …

Clostridium difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea, resulting in
significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Oncology patients are particularly …

The cell cortex, comprised of the plasma membrane and underlying cytoskeleton,
undergoes dynamic reorganizations during a variety of essential biological processes …

RhoA plays a significant role in actin stress fibers formation. However, silencing RhoA alone
or RhoA and RhoC did not completely suppress the stress fibers suggesting a residual" Rho …

Large clostridial glucosylating toxins (LCGTs) are produced by toxigenic strains of C
lostridium difficile, C lostridium perfringens, C lostridium novyi and C lostridium sordellii …

An understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which microbial, plant or animal-
secreted toxins exert their action provides the most important element for assessment of …