Background Endoscopic skull‐base surgery (ESBS) is employed in the management of
diverse skull‐base pathologies. Paralleling the increased utilization of ESBS, the literature in …

Background While the subtemporal approach represents the surgical module milestone
designed to reach the petrous apex, a novel ventral route, which is the superior eyelid …

OBJECTIVE The endoscopic endonasal transmaxillary transpterygoid (TMTP) approach has
been the gateway for lateral skull base exposure. Removal of the cartilaginous eustachian …

BACKGROUND: Microsurgical resection via open approaches is considered the main
treatment modality for cranial base chondrosarcomas (CBCs). The use of endoscopic …

Objective The endoscopic endonasal approach to the anatomically complex lateral skull
base presents technical challenges. The use of the eustachian tube as a landmark to identify …

Background: The petroclival area is a technically challenging region to operate owing to the
proximity of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the need to obtain gross total excision of …

Purpose The endoscopic trans-eustachian approach (ETETA) is a less invasive approach to
the infratemporal fossa (ITF), providing superior exposure compared to traditional …

Background Endoscopic skull base surgery is a relatively new approach in the
neurosurgical armamentarium and its usefulness is still being explored. As the field has …

Skull base chondrosarcomas are rare malignant mesenchymal tumors: 2% to 6% skull base
tumors and 0.15% intracranial tumors. 1-3 Originating from transformed chondrocytes at the …

Petroclival chondrosarcomas are a formidable surgical challenge given the close
relationship to critical neurovascular structures. The endoscopic endonasal approach can …