This review provides an overview of the importance of microbiota in the regulation of gut–
brain communication in immune-related neurological disorders. The gastrointestinal (GI) …

Metabolism is one of the strongest drivers of interkingdom interactions—including those
between microorganisms and their multicellular hosts. Traditionally thought to fuel energy …

Small, soluble metabolites not only are essential intermediates in intracellular biochemical
processes, but can also influence neighbouring cells when released into the extracellular …

Many cancers have an unusual dependence on glutamine. However, most previous studies
have focused on the contribution of glutamine to metabolic building blocks and the energy …

Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, have emerged as crucial regulators of
synaptic refinement and brain wiring. However, whether the remodeling of distinct synapse …

Immune dysfunction is commonly associated with several neurological and mental
disorders. Although the mechanisms by which peripheral immunity may influence neuronal …

Increasing attention has been paid to the role of inflammation in a host of illnesses including
neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. Activation of the inflammatory …

Neuroinflammation is a physiological protective response in the context of infection and
injury. However, neuroinflammation, especially if chronic, may also drive …

I hypothesize here that the ability of probiotics to synthesize neuroactive compounds
provides a unifying microbial endocrinology‐based mechanism to explain the hitherto …

Lymphocyte function is regulated by a network of ion channels and transporters in the
plasma membrane of B and T cells. These proteins modulate the cytoplasmic concentrations …