Traditional flapping-wing robots (FWRs) obtain lift and thrust by relying on the passive
deformation of their wings which cannot actively fold or deform. In contrast, flying creatures …

This study focuses on the flapping mechanisms found in recently developed biometric
flapping-wing air vehicles (FWAVs). FWAVs mimic the flight characteristics of flying animals …

Bird flight is a remarkable adaptation that has allowed the approximately 10 000 extant
species to colonize all terrestrial habitats on earth including high elevations, polar regions …

Animal wings are lightweight and flexible; hence, during flapping flight their shapes change.
It has been known that such dynamic wing morphing reduces aerodynamic cost in insects …

Bio-inspired flapping wings with a wrinkled wing membrane were designed and fabricated.
The wings consist of carbon fibre-reinforced plastic frames and a polymer film with …

Hovering hummingbirds have inspired small flapping-wing aerial robots. Natural flyers,
including hummingbirds and bats, undergo torsional wing deformation during flapping flight …

Flying animals such as insects display great flight performances with high stability and
maneuverability even under unpredictable disturbances in natural and man-made …

Three-dimensional numerical simulations are performed to examine the effects of dynamic
wing morphing of a hummingbird-inspired flexible flapping wing on its aerodynamic …

Birds usually moult their feathers in a particular sequence which may incur aerodynamic,
physiological and behavioural implications. Among birds, hummingbirds are unique species …

To better understand the secret of natural flying vertebrates such as how humming-birds
twist their wings to achieve superb flight ability, we presented a numerical investigation of …