Mashrabiya is one of the primary features of Arab-Islamic architecture which can be found
and still used in different cities around the world. It can be defined as an opening covered …

This paper reviewed related research works and developments on the traditional
architectural element “mashrabiya” focusing on its history, design and structure, typology …

Structures such as vernacular dwellings were not only shaped by culture and tradition but
also reveal how people dealt with climate. Using a descriptive-qualitative research design …

The Jharokha is a distinctive feature of the architecture of Indian Subcontinent of medieval
times. The study of the built heritage features is a way to discover and know about the old …

Patterned massive screen shading systems are traditionally applied to vernacular buildings'
facades in hot climates to provide protection from direct solar radiation and regulate social …

The building all over the world demand huge amount of energy for space heating, cooling
and daylighting. This trend has raised concerns for energy consumption. Energy efficient …

Arabia, after the oil discovery, radical lifestyle growth and international investors have
impacted local social culture and traditional identity and altered the use and form of furniture …

In the urban centers of Pakistan, such as Lahore, increased energy demands has resulted in
frequent power shutdowns. Additionally, reliance on air-conditioners and heaters has …

Islamic geometric patterns are reticular formations long discussed in means of construction,
application, and usage. In general, geometric patterns can be encountered in different …

The residential sector in Saudi Arabia is the most energy-consuming building sector,
accounting for about 50% of the total energy generated. A large proportion of this energy is …