The importance of diffusion, perpendicular electrodynamic drift, and neutral wind on the
generation and modulation of the equatorial plasma fountain of the Earth's ionosphere is …

The most significant and fundamental feature of the ionospheric variations is the diurnal
pattern of the ionosphere, which has very interesting and complicated phenomenon. In this …

Abstract The Global‐scale Observation of Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission, for the first time,
provides synoptic two‐dimensional (2D) maps of OI 135.6 nm observations. These maps …

An overall statistical study of night-time enhancements of NmF2 has been carried out. All
available foF2 observations since 1955 at 53 ionosonde stations distributed worldwide in …

In situ electron density measurements by the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload and the
Defense Meteorological Satellites Program F17 satellites show that the midlatitude …

Ionospheric electron density profiles retrieved from the Constellation Observing System for
Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) satellites measurements from 6 November …

The electron density in the ionospheric F region occasionally stops its decay and rises
pronouncedly during night hours, which are termed ionospheric nighttime enhancements. In …

The day‐to‐day variability of the ionospheric electron density and its longitudinal gradient
challenges our description and understanding of the ionosphere, which is also essential for …

The characteristics of winter nighttime enhancement (WNE) of the midlatitude ionosphere at
300, 550, and 750 km altitude are presented, based on the radio occultation data from the …

The mechanism of the N m F 2 peak formation at different levels of solar activity is analyzed
using Millstone Hill IS radar observations. The hm F 2 nighttime increase due to …