Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-bound structures that are released from
cells into the surrounding environment. These structures can be categorized as exosomes …

Bacteria secrete proteins for different purposes such as communication, virulence functions,
adhesion to surfaces, nutrient acquisition, or growth inhibition of competing bacteria. For …

Tuma, Pamela L., and Ann L. Hubbard. Transcytosis: Crossing Cellular Barriers. Physiol Rev
83: 871–932, 2003; 10.1152/physrev. 00001.2003.—Transcytosis, the vesicular transport of …

Many surgical procedures require the placement of an inert or tissue-derived implant deep
within the body cavity. While the majority of these implants do not become colonized by …

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the progressive deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) within
the brain parenchyma and its subsequent accumulation into senile plaques. Pathogenesis …

A type III secretion system (TTSS) is encoded on a virulence plasmid that is common to three
pathogenic Yersinia species: Y. enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. pestis …

Autotransport in Gram-negative bacteria denotes the ability of surface-localized proteins to
cross the outer membrane (OM) autonomously. Autotransporters perform this task with the …

Adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) binds the coxsackie B virus Ad receptor and is endocytosed upon
activation of the αv integrin coreceptors. Here, we demonstrate that expression of dominant …

Microglia are the principle immune effector and phagocytic cells in the CNS. These cells are
associated with fibrillar β-amyloid (fAβ)-containing plaques found in the brains of …

Bacterial colonization of biotic or abiotic surfaces results from two quite distinct physiological
processes, namely bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Broadly speaking, a biofilm is …