Background and objective Spinal degeneration and instability are commonly treated with
interbody fusion cages either alone or supplemented with posterior instrumentation with the …

Background Traditionally, dynamic and functional anatomy, in particular the dynamic
anatomy of the neck, is studied on cadaveric material. However, the development of in vivo …

Besides the biology, stresses and strains within the tissue greatly influence the location of
damage initiation and mode of failure in an intervertebral disk. Finite element models of a …

Background Growth rods allow regular distraction of the spine to compensate for growth.
Traditionally such distractions are performed every 6 months via open surgery. However …

The L4-L5 spinal segment is mostly associated with the development of lumbar back pain
(LBP). Lumbar disc herniation (LDH), intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), or …

Background The quality of the vertebral body structures such as endplate, cortex, and
trabecular bone is important for understanding the performance of implants, particularly at …

Study objective-To evaluate how morphological features of intervertebral disc would affect
the outcomes of finite element modeling of axial load in the cervical spine, C3-C5, in order to …

Patients with skipped-level disk degeneration (SLDD) were recently reported as having a
higher prevalence of Schmorl's nodes than patients with contiguous multi-level disk …

The objective of this work is to study the effect of the backpack on the components of the
spine system of a child school, know the effect of an eccentric force on the intervertebral …

The objective of this work is to study the effect of the backpack on the components of the
spine system of a child, know the effect of an eccentric force on the intervertebral discs, the …