Surface mass balance (SMB) provides mass input to the surface of the Antarctic and
Greenland Ice Sheets and therefore comprises an important control on ice sheet mass …

Surface processes currently dominate Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) mass loss. We review
recent developments in the observation and modeling of GrIS surface mass balance (SMB) …

Abstract Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) mass loss has accelerated since the turn of the twenty‐
first century. Several recent episodes of rapid GrIS ablation coincided with intense moisture …

Antarctic ice‐shelf stability is threatened by surface melt, which has been implicated in
several ice‐shelf collapse events over recent decades. Here, we first analyze cumulative …

The physical interactions between ice sheets and the atmosphere and ocean around them
are major factors in determining the state of the climate system, yet many current Earth …

Recent research shows increasing decadal ice mass losses from the Greenland and
Antarctic Ice Sheets and more generally from glaciers worldwide in the light of continued …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

Meltwater runoff from the Greenland ice sheet surface influences surface mass balance
(SMB), ice dynamics, and global sea level rise, but is estimated with climate models and …

Owing to drifting snow processes, snow accumulation and surface density in polar
environments are variable in space and time. We present new field data of manual …

Perennial snow, or firn, covers 80% of the Greenland ice sheet and has the capacity to retain
surface meltwater, influencing the ice sheet mass balance and contribution to sea-level rise …