Measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in mammals and birds: the importance of validation

C Touma, R Palme - Annals of the New York Academy of …, 2005 - Wiley Online Library
In recent years, the noninvasive monitoring of steroid hormone metabolites in feces of
mammals and droppings of birds has become an increasingly popular technique. It offers …

Stress hormones in mammals and birds: comparative aspects regarding metabolism, excretion, and noninvasive measurement in fecal samples

R Palme, S Rettenbacher, C Touma… - Annals of the New …, 2005 - Wiley Online Library
A multitude of endocrine mechanisms are involved in coping with challenges. Front‐line
hormones to overcome stressful situations are glucocorticoids (GCs) and catecholamines …

A generalized fecal glucocorticoid assay for use in a diverse array of nondomestic mammalian and avian species

SK Wasser, KE Hunt, JL Brown, K Cooper… - General and …, 2000 - Elsevier
Noninvasive fecal glucocorticoid analysis has tremendous potential as a means of
assessing stress associated with environmental disturbance in wildlife. However …

Use of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite measures in conservation biology research: considerations for application and interpretation

JJ Millspaugh, BE Washburn - General and comparative endocrinology, 2004 - Elsevier
Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite analyses are increasingly being used by a variety of
scientists (eg, conservation biologists, animal scientists) to examine glucocorticoid (ie, stress …

On the use of non‐invasive hormone research in uncontrolled, natural environments: the problem with sex, diet, metabolic rate and the individual

W Goymann - Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2012 - Wiley Online Library
Methods to measure metabolites of steroid hormones from faeces have become very
popular in wildlife conservation and ecology, because they allow gathering physiological …

Measurement of cortisol metabolites in faeces of ruminants

E Möstl, JL Maggs, G Schrötter, U Besenfelder… - Veterinary research …, 2002 - Springer
Twenty-one metabolites were detected in faecal samples collected after infusion of (14 C)
cortisol into the jugular vein of sheep, using high-performance liquid chromatography …

Faecal steroid analysis for non-invasive monitoring of reproductive status in farm, wild and zoo animals

F Schwarzenberger, E Möstl, R Palme… - Animal Reproduction …, 1996 - Elsevier
Non-invasive faecal oestrogen and progesterone metabolite evaluations are well
established approaches for monitoring reproductive function in a variety of mammalian …

Noninvasive monitoring of adrenocortical activity in carnivores by fecal glucocorticoid analyses

KM Young, SL Walker, C Lanthier, WT Waddell… - General and …, 2004 - Elsevier
Measurement of glucocorticoid metabolites in feces has become an accepted method for the
noninvasive evaluation of adrenocortical activity. The objective of this study was to …

Fecal glucocorticoids and their metabolites as indicators of stress in various mammalian species: a literature review

JM Keay, J Singh, MC Gaunt, T Kaur - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 2006 - BioOne
Conservation medicine is a discipline in which researchers and conservationists study and
respond to the dynamic interplay between animals, humans, and the environment. From a …

Behavioural patterns associated with faecal cortisol levels in free-ranging female ring-tailed lemurs, Lemur catta

SA Cavigelli - Animal behaviour, 1999 - Elsevier
The study of physiological stress and its context in free-ranging animals provides a means
for understanding the challenges found in the natural habitat. Patterns of physiological …