Drug treatments available for the management of substance use disorders (SUD) present
multiple limitations in efficacy, lack of approved treatments or alarming relapse rates. These …

Individuals vary in their initial reactions to drugs of abuse in ways that may contribute to the
likelihood of subsequent drug use. In humans, most drugs of abuse produce positive …

Addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder associated with compulsive drug taking, drug
seeking and a loss of control in limiting intake, reflected in three stages of a recurrent cycle …

Human genetic and epidemiological studies provide evidence that only a subset of
individuals who experiment with potentially addictive drugs become addicts. What renders …

Early and recent studies show that dopamine through its neuronal systems and receptor
subtypes plays different roles in the control of male sexual behavior. These studies show …

Cocaine addiction is a chronic brain disease in which the drug seeking habits and profound
cognitive, emotional and motivational alterations emerge from drug-induced …

BACKGROUND: As knowledge deepens about how new neurons are born, differentiate,
and wire into the adult mammalian brain, growing evidence depicts hippocampal …

Background Gender and enhanced novelty reactivity can predispose certain individuals to
drug abuse. Previous research in male and female rats selectively bred for high or low …

Exposure to early life stress dramatically impacts adult behavior, physiology, and
neuroendocrine function. Using rats bred for novelty-seeking differences and known to …

Background The induction of electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) in rodents induces sex-and
age-specific disparities in antidepressant-like responses, with females and young age being …