The biological cycles of milk production and reproduction determine dairying profitability
thus making management decisions dynamic and time-dependent. Diseases also negatively …

In the last decade, several new aspects of the inflammation of the bovine endometrium have
been investigated and described, including a new definition of subclinical endometritis. This …

In mammals, the sperm activates the development of the egg by triggering a series of
oscillations in the cytosolic-free Ca 2+ concentration (Ca 2+ i). The sperm triggers these …

Bacterial overgrowth in the uterus is a normal event after parturition. In contrast to the
healthy cow, animals unable to control the infection within 21 days after calving develop …

Vitamins and minerals serve essential roles in cellular metabolism, maintenance and growth
throughout life. They are also central components of many enzymes and transcription …

More than 500,000 US women develop postpartum depression (PPD) annually. Although
psychosocial risks are known, the underlying biology remains unclear. Dysregulation of the …

Abstract Cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM), the product of epithelial cells lining the uterus, cervix
and vagina, is secreted to facilitate uterine lubrication and microbial clearance …

Recent analysis of the bovine genome revealed an expanded suite of β-defensin genes that
encode what are referred to as antimicrobial or host defense peptides (HDPs). Whereas …

Transition period (±3 wk around calving) diseases are prevalent in dairy systems. In this
review we describe the physiological and behavioral changes experienced by cows during …

Inflammation of the post-partum uterus is a normal physiological event, crucial for tissue
involution and repair. However, in the bovine, some cows fail to resolve this inflammation …