Physical exercise has beneficial effects on metabolic diseases, and a combined therapeutic
regimen of regular exercise and pharmaceutical treatment is often recommended for their …

Cell proliferation and differentiation show a remarkable inverse relationship. Precursor cells
continue division before acquiring a fully differentiated state, while terminal differentiation …

Recent understanding of how the systemic environment shapes the brain throughout life has
led to numerous intervention strategies to slow brain ageing,–. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) …

Mammalian organogenesis is a remarkable process. Within a short timeframe, the cells of
the three germ layers transform into an embryo that includes most of the major internal and …

Exosomes are membrane‐bound extracellular vesicles that are produced in the endosomal
compartment of most mammalian cell types and then released. Exosomes are effective …

Abundantly expressed in fetal tissues and adult muscle, the developmentally regulated H19
long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has been implicated in human genetic disorders and cancer …

Skeletal muscle fibers are large syncytia but it is currently unknown whether gene
expression is coordinately regulated in their numerous nuclei. Here we show by snRNA-seq …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding endogenous RNAs that direct post-transcriptional
regulation of gene expression by several mechanisms. Activity is primarily through binding …

Metazoan organisms rely on conserved stress response pathways to alleviate adverse
conditions and preserve cellular integrity. Stress responses are particularly important in stem …

Myostatin (MSTN), a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, can negatively
regulate the growth and development of skeletal muscle by autocrine or paracrine signaling …