Osteoporosis, one of the serious health diseases, involves bone mass loss, bone density
diminishing, and degeneration of bone microstructure, which is accompanied by a tendency …

In multicellular organisms, secreted ligands selectively activate, or" address," specific target
cell populations to control cell fate decision-making and other processes. Key cell-cell …

Combinatorial signaling is key to instruct context-dependent cell behaviors. During
embryonic development, adult homeostasis, and disease, bone morphogenetic proteins …

Uncontrolled bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) release can lead to off‐target bone
growth and other adverse events. To tackle this challenge, yeast surface display is used to …

Objective Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) has been associated with
radiographic changes in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), but further characterization of the …

Embryonic development is a complex phenomenon that integrates genetic regulation and
biomechanical cellular behaviors. However, the relative influence of these factors on …

Abstract Transforming growth factor-β1,-β2, and-β3 (TGF-β1,-β2, and-β3) are secreted
signaling ligands that play essential roles in tissue development, tissue maintenance …

Positional information encoded in signaling molecules is essential for early patterning in the
prosensory domain of the developing cochlea. The cochlea contains an exquisite repeating …

Positional information encoded in signaling molecules is essential for early patterning in the
prosensory domain of the developing cochlea. The sensory epithelium, the organ of Corti …

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are involved in various biological functions, regulating tissue
homeostasis and cellular differentiation in the human body. These long polysaccharide …