Plant roots associate with diverse microbes (including bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and
viruses) collectively called the root-associated microbiome. Among them, mycorrhizal fungi …

Plant beneficial microorganisms improve the health and growth of the associated plants.
Application of beneficial microbes triggers an enhanced resistance state, also termed as …

Alternative solutions to mineral fertilizers and pesticides that reduce the environmental
impact of agriculture are urgently needed. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance …

Cell walls are essential for plant growth and development, providing support and protection
from external environments. Callose is a glucan that accumulates in specialized cell wall …

Symbioses between plants and beneficial soil microorganisms like arbuscular-mycorrhizal
fungi (AMF) are known to promote plant growth and help plants to cope with biotic and …

A number of different types of induced resistance have been defined based on differences in
signalling pathways and spectra of effectiveness, including systemic acquired resistance …

Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between the roots of plants with fungi. Among the
various types of mycorrhizal fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most …

The flavonoid pathway produces a diverse array of plant compounds with functions in UV
protection, as antioxidants, pigments, auxin transport regulators, defence compounds …

Plants can develop an enhanced defensive capacity in response to infection by arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This 'mycorrhiza-induced resistance'(MIR) provides systemic …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate root symbionts that can protect their host
plant against biotic stress factors such as plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) infection. PPN …