Bat pollination is one of the most recent pollination systems to have been discovered. While
recent studies have provided novel insight into bat-flower interactions, there are gaps in …

Interactions between plants and animals are extremely diverse and operate as both
evolutionary and ecological forces for angiosperms, insects, and many groups of …

A monograph of the 425 New World species of Ipomoea is presented. All 425 species are
described and information is provided on their ecology and distribution, with citations from …

Floral adaptation to a single most effective functional pollinator group leads to specialized
pollination syndromes. However, adaptations allowing for pollination by two functional …

Pollinators can be a limited resource and natural selection should favour differences in
phenotypic characteristics to reduce competition among plants. Bats are important …

The Cactaceae display a wide array of pollination systems, with many different animals
already confirmed as pollinators. Pilosocereus is one of the most conspicuous bat-pollinated …

Petunia is endemic to South America grasslands; member of this genus exhibit variation in
flower colour and shape, attracting bees, hawkmoths or hummingbirds. This group of plants …

Cactaceae has many vertebrate-pollinated species, and in the subtribe Cereinae, several
genera are indicated as being pollinated by bats. In this subtribe, we observed phenotypic …

Foraging behavior frequently plays a major role in driving the geographic distribution of
animals. Buzzing to extract protein-rich pollen from flowers is a key foraging behavior used …

In flowers with poricidal anthers, pollen is not freely accessible and legitimate access is
restricted to bees capable of vibrating the anthers. Despite the protection of pollen provided …