Worldwide, lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Molecular
targeted therapies and immunotherapies for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have …

Background Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) are
distinct inhibitory immune checkpoints that contribute to T-cell exhaustion. The combination …

Background First-line chemotherapy for advanced esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma
results in poor outcomes. The monoclonal antibody nivolumab has shown an overall …

The clinical use of molecular targeted therapy is rapidly evolving but has primarily focused
on genomic alterations. Transcriptomic analysis offers an opportunity to dissect the …

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 have already substantially improved
the outcomes of patients with many types of cancer, although only 20–40% of patients derive …

The discovery and clinical implementation of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting
CTLA4, PD-1 and PD-L1 has revolutionized the treatment of cancer, as recognized by the …

PURPOSE In the phase III CheckMate 067 trial, durable clinical benefit was demonstrated
previously with nivolumab plus ipilimumab and nivolumab alone versus ipilimumab. Here …

Severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occur in up to 60% of patients with
melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, it is unknown whether …

The T lymphocyte, especially its capacity for antigen-directed cytotoxicity, has become a
central focus for engaging the immune system in the fight against cancer. Basic science …