We review the current information about the eigenvalues of the quark mass matrix. The
theoretical problems involved in a determination of the running masses mu, md, ms, mc and …

The author reviews in a pedagogical fashion some of the recent developments in lattice
quantum chromodynamics. This review emphasizes explicit examples and illustrations …

A mechanism for total confinement of quarks, similar to that of Schwinger, is defined which
requires the existence of Abelian or non-Abelian gauge fields. It is shown how to quantize a …

Quantum field theory describes basic physical phenomena over an extremely wide range of
length or energy scales. Quantum fields exist in space and time, which can be approximated …

This paper reviews various approaches used nowadays in order to understand the structure
of the ground state of the strong interaction theory, the so-called QCD vacuum. In particular …

We consider five-dimensional spacetimes of constant three-dimensional spatial curvature in
the presence of a bulk cosmological constant. We find the general solution of such a …

During the past two decades, our concept of an elementary particle has undergone a
fundamental change. We now understand hadrons as bound states of quarks, and thus as …

Decoupling of heavy quarks in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) defined by mass-
independent renormalization is investigated. The structure of the relations between the …

We have computed, at first order in perturbation theory, the relation between lattice and
continuum local operators used in Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the meson decay …

A Langevin method is proposed for simulation of full QCD including dynamical quark loops.
It is shown that the method works well once a proper discretization of the fictitious time is …