Despite advances in cancer medicine and research, invasive and potentially risky
procedures such as biopsies, venous blood tests, imaging, colonoscopy, and pap smear …

Osteoporosis is a bone metabolic disease caused by the imbalance between osteoblasts
and osteoclasts due to excess osteoclastogenesis, manifesting in the decrease of bone …

Background Autoimmune and inflammatory disorder (AIID) prevalence appears to be
increasing in all but the world's poorest regions and countries. Autoimmune diseases occur …

Background Postmenopausal osteoporosis results from estrogen withdrawal and is
characterized mainly by bone resorption. Shikonin is a bioactive constitute of Chinese …

Background The use of minimally invasive biomarkers (MIBs–physiological biomarkers
obtained from minimally invasive sample types) has expanded rapidly in science and …

Background Osteoporotic fractures are common in postmenopausal women and associated
with complications. Numerous studies have demonstrated that icariin can be used to treat …

Over the past several decades, biomarkers have become indispensable tools in human
biology, allowing researchers to investigate biocultural and evolutionary questions and to …

Objectives Bone is a dynamic organ under continual turnover influenced by life history
stage, energy dynamics, diet, climate, and disease. Bone turnover data have enormous …

Aim To investigate the effects of surgical menopause on bone mineral density and bone
quality because bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy for the treatment of gynecological …

Enzymes have been used for disease diagnosis for many decades; however, advancements
in technology like ELISA and flow cytometry-based detection have significantly increased …