Systematic relationships of cervids have been controversial for decades. Despite new input
from molecular systematics, consensus could only be partially reached. The initial, gross …

Deer are an iconic group of large mammals that originated in the Early Miocene of Eurasia
(ca. 19 Ma). While there is some consensus on key relationships among their members, on …

Domestication has led to many changes in domestic animal biology, including their
anatomy. The shape of the inner ear, part of the mammalian ear, has been found particularly …

Amphimoschus is an extinct Eurasian ruminant genus, mostly recorded in Europe, without a
close living relative and, hence, an unknown systematic position. This genus is known from …

The origins of the regenerative nature of antlers, being branched and deciduous apophyseal
appendages of frontal bones of cervid artiodactyls, have long been associated with …

The bony labyrinth is the bony capsule of the inner ear, which is the center of hearing and
balance in the skull of vertebrates. In mammals this osseous structure ossifies early in the …

Pliopithecoids are an extinct group of catarrhine primates from the Miocene of Eurasia. More
than 50 years ago, they were linked to hylobatids due to some morphological similarities, but …

Moschids are enigmatic pecoran ruminants whose phylogeny is still not fully understood. So
far we know only little of the family's early evolutionary history and the origin of the modern …

The bony labyrinth (inner ear) of mammals reveals systematic as well as morphofunctional
information. However, detailed knowledge of bony labyrinth morphology and ontogeny in …

Palaeolagus, a late Eocene to early Miocene North American lagomorph genus,
represented by numerous and well-preserved specimens, has been long considered a …