Musical training has emerged as a useful framework for the investigation of training-related
plasticity in the human brain. Learning to play an instrument is a highly complex task that …

Visual perceptual learning (VPL) is long-term performance increase resulting from visual
perceptual experience. Task-relevant VPL of a feature results from training of a task on the …

It is controversial whether the adult primate early visual cortex is sufficiently plastic to cause
visual perceptual learning (VPL). The controversy occurs partially because most VPL studies …

We often experience troubled sleep in a novel environment [1]. This is called the first-night
effect (FNE) in human sleep research and has been regarded as a typical sleep disturbance …

Reports published in Vision Research during the late years of the 20th century described
surprising effects of long-term sensitivity improvement with some basic visual tasks as a …

Research on human brain changes during skill acquisition has revealed brain volume
expansion in task-relevant areas. However, the large number of skills that humans acquire …

Overlearning refers to the continued training of a skill after performance improvement has
plateaued. Whether overlearning is beneficial is a question in our daily lives that has never …

Visual perceptual learning (VPL) is defined as a long-term improvement in performance on a
visual task. In recent years, the idea that conscious effort is necessary for VPL to occur has …

Stone tools provide some of the most abundant, continuous, and high resolution evidence of
behavioral change over human evolution, but their implications for cognitive evolution have …

How does the brain learn those visual features that are relevant for behavior? In this article,
we focus on two factors that guide plasticity of visual representations. First, reinforcers cause …