During viral infections, significant numbers of T cells are activated in a T cell receptor-
independent and cytokine-dependent manner, a phenomenon referred to as “bystander …

Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a dual regulatory role in the tumor microenvironment (TME).
TLR agonists (TLRa) elicit both innate and adaptive immune responses to achieve anti …

“Functional cure” is being pursued as the ultimate endpoint of antiviral treatment in chronic
hepatitis B (CHB), which is characterized by loss of HBsAg whether or not anti-HBs …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved molecules that specifically recognize
common microbial patterns, and have a critical role in innate and adaptive immunity …

Toll-like receptors play a vital role in cell-mediated immunity, which is crucial for the immune
system's defense against pathogens and maintenance of homeostasis. The interaction …

The activation of TLR7 signaling in T cells accelerates antigen-specific responses. Such
responses play an essential role in eliminating viral infections and can be anti-tumorigenic …

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of efficient and safe vaccine
development. Vaccine adjuvants are essential to boost and tailor the immune response to …

Longevity, functionality, and metabolic fitness are key determinants of chimeric antigen
receptor (CAR) T cell efficacy. Activated T cells follow an ordered differentiation program …

Over the past two decades, diabetes mellitus (DM) has been receiving increasing attention
among autoimmune diseases. The prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes has increased …

B cells and T cells are key players in the defence against infections and malignancies. To
exert their function, B cells and T cells differentiate into effector and memory cells. Tight …