Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Novel and effective therapies
for ischemic stroke are urgently needed. Here, we report that melatonin receptor 1A (MT1) …

Tramadol (TRA) causes neurotoxicity whereas trimetazidine (TMZ) is neuroprotective. The
potential involvement of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in the neuroprotection of TMZ …

Background Tramadol (TRA) is an analgesic prescribed for treating mild to moderate pains,
the abuse of which has increased in recent years. Chronic tramadol consumption produces …

Acute lung injury (ALI) is classified as a moderate or mild acute respiratory distress
syndrome and is a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality among the critically ill …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim. has
been used traditionally in Asia. It can dispel wind and cold, tonify the kidney, and strengthen …

The association between the stress defense system and exposure to fine particulate matter
(PM2. 5) is a hot topic in the field of environmental health. PM2. 5 pollution is an increasingly …

Background: Nicotine is a behavioral stimulant that in high doses, through the neuro-
inflammatory and oxidative stress pathway, can induce apoptosis and autophagy leading to …

Psoriasis is a long-lasting, immune-related inflammatory skin disease that affects 2–3% of
the global population. It is distinguished by erythematous, silvery, and scaly patches …

Abstract Cytokine Storm Syndrome (CSs) is a potentially life threatening condition,
characterized by robust elevated; of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines; occurring after a …

Objective: Methotrexate (MTX), a drug used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and
cancers, is a folic acid antagonist, but it has toxic effects on the gastrointestinal system (GIS) …