Lightweight artificial muscle fibers that can match the large tensile stroke of natural muscles
have been elusive. In particular, low stroke, limited cycle life, and inefficient energy …

As mechanical devices for moving or controlling mechanisms or systems, actuators have
attracted increasing attention in various fields. Compared to traditional actuators with rigid …

Soft slender structures are ubiquitous in natural and artificial systems, in active and passive
settings and across scales, from polymers and flagella, to snakes and space tethers. In this …

Untethered soft fiber actuators are advancing toward next‐generation artificial muscles, with
rotating polymer fibers allowing controlled rotational deformations and contractions …

Helical constructs are ubiquitous in nature at all size domains, from molecular to
macroscopic. The helical topology confers unique mechanical functions that activate certain …

The performance of robotic systems can benefit from low‐density material actuators that
emulate muscle typology (eg, fast and slow twitch) of natural systems. Recent reports detail …

Powering miniature robots using actuating materials that mimic skeletal muscle is attractive
because conventional mechanical drive systems cannot be readily downsized. However …

Miniature linear actuators, also known as artificial muscles, mimic the contractile action of
skeletal muscles and have potentials in applications, such as soft robotics, prosthetics …

A universal torsion instrument with a broad torque capacity and a high resolution for small-
scale components is constructed. A high-sensitivity torque transducer based on the flexural …

Soft elastic filaments that can be stretched, bent, and twisted exhibit a range of topologically
and geometrically complex morphologies. Recently, a number of experiments have shown …