Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are abundant in tumor tissues, raising a question of whether
immunosuppressive tumor-infiltrating Tregs (TI-Tregs) can be selectively depleted or …

B cells are a major component of the tumour microenvironment, where they are
predominantly associated with tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). In germinal centres within …

The transformative success of antibodies targeting the PD-1 (programmed death 1)/B7-H1
(B7 homolog 1) pathway (anti-PD therapy) has revolutionized cancer treatment. However …

The balance of programmed death-1 (PD-1)-expressing CD8+ T cells and regulatory T
(Treg) cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) determines the clinical efficacy of PD-1 …

Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors
(TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition …

Cancer development and its response to therapy are regulated by inflammation, which
either promotes or suppresses tumor progression, potentially displaying opposing effects on …

Immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell therapy
(ACT) have revolutionized cancer treatment, especially in patients whose disease was …

Anticancer nanomedicines have been proven effective in mitigating the side effects of
chemotherapeutic drugs. However, challenges remain in augmenting their therapeutic …

Expansion and differentiation of antigen-experienced PD-1+ TCF-1+ stem-like CD8+ T cells
into effector cells is critical for the success of immunotherapies based on PD-1 blockade …

Infiltration of regulatory T (Treg) cells, an immunosuppressive population of CD4+ T cells,
into solid cancers represents a barrier to cancer immunotherapy. Chemokine receptors are …