Extensive experimental animal studies and epidemiological observations have shown that
environmental influences during early development affect the risk of later pathophysiological …

Most small rodent populations in the world have fascinating population dynamics. In the
northern hemisphere, voles and lemmings tend to show population cycles with regular …

A recent field manipulation on a terrestrial vertebrate showed that the fear of predators alone
altered anti-predator defences to such an extent that it greatly reduced the reproduction of …

Predator effects on prey demography have traditionally been ascribed solely to direct killing
in studies of population ecology and wildlife management. Predators also affect the prey's …

Many forms of developmental plasticity have been observed and these are usually
beneficial to the organism. The Predictive Adaptive Response (PAR) hypothesis refers to a …

Predator‐induced stress has been used to exemplify the concept of stress for close to a
century because almost everyone can imagine the terror of fleeing for one's life from a lion or …

Stress responses play a key role in allowing animals to cope with change and challenge in
the face of both environmental certainty and uncertainty. Measurement of glucocorticoid …

Dynamics of predator-prey systems under the influence of cooperative hunting among
predators and the fear thus imposed on the prey population is of great importance from …

Chronic activation of the stress axis caused by long‐term uncontrollable and unpredictable
factors in the environment has been regarded as causing maladaptive and/or pathological …

Creating a healthy, social classroom environment. This book explains how the brain, as a
social organism, learns best throughout the lifespan, from our early schooling through late …