Macrophages and neutrophils play a decisive role in host responses to intracellular bacteria
including the agent of tuberculosis (TB), M ycobacterium tuberculosis as they represent the …

Highlights•Tryptophan follows three metabolic fates: incorporation into proteins, production
of indoles, and breakdown into kynurenine.•IDO1 is an endogenous mechanism of …

Pulmonary granulomas are widely considered the epicenters of the immune response to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). Recent animal …

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death globally. Dissemination of TB to the
brain results in the most severe form of extrapulmonary TB, tuberculous meningitis (TBM) …

IDO1 (indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1) is a member of a unique class of mammalian haem
dioxygenases that catalyse the oxidative catabolism of the least-abundant essential amino …

Tuberculosis (TB) and depression act synergistically via social, behavioral, and biological
mechanisms to magnify the burden of disease. Clinical depression is a common, under …

Initially, indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been introduced as a bactericidal effector
mechanism and has been linked to T-cell immunosuppression and tolerance. In recent …

Over the past years, an increasing amount of evidence has emerged in support of the
kynurenine pathway's (KP) pivotal role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative …

Intracellular bacterial pathogens often rely on their hosts for essential nutrients. Host cells, in
turn, attempt to limit nutrient availability, using starvation as a mechanism of innate immunity …

Abstract Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes L-tryptophan to kynurenine in the
first and rate-limiting step of tryptophan metabolism. IDO1 is expressed widely throughout …