Gut microbiota and its metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFA),
lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) impact cardiovascular …

Crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the host has attracted considerable attention
owing to its involvement in diverse diseases. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly …

The identification of the human cannabinoid receptors and their roles in health and disease,
has been one of the most significant biochemical and pharmacological advancements to …

Even in the presence of excess glucose, the proximal renal tubules continue to resorb more
glucose. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are drugs that control this …

The term uraemic cardiomyopathy refers to the cardiac abnormalities that are seen in
patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Historically, this term was used to describe a …

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is known to play a pivotal role in short-and long-term
regulation of different functions of the cardiovascular system. In the past decades increasing …

A neurogenic component to primary hypertension (hypertension) is now well established.
Along with raised vasomotor tone and increased cardiac output, the chronic activation of the …

The current obesity pandemic results from a physiological imbalance in which energy intake
chronically exceeds energy expenditure (EE), and prevention and treatment strategies …

Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome characterized by upregulation of the sympathetic nervous
system and abnormal responsiveness of the parasympathetic nervous system. 1 Evidence …

The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide, with more than 26
million people suffering from CKD in the United States alone. More patients with CKD die of …